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1.
Salud bienestar colect ; 4(3): 94-107, sept.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1282066

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: las actividades asistenciales relacionadas con la atención de pacientes en servicios clínicos tienen diferentes grados de riesgos para las personas que los reciben, el error en la atención sanitaria se denomina evento adverso y/o centinelas los que, según su gravedad, pueden llegar a causar la muerte de los usuarios. OBJETIVO: determinar los costos totales de úlceras por presión y caídas ocurridos en los usuarios de los servicios clínicos de cirugía y medicina en un establecimiento de alta complejidad durante el primer semestre del 2017 y primer semestre del 2018, en Chile. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. La ocurrencia de eventos relacionados a úlceras por presión y caídas son notificados a través del sistema informático Phoenix y son recepcionados por el Departamento de Calidad y Seguridad del Paciente del establecimiento, los datos económicos fueron proporcionados por el departamento de Finanzas. Los datos fueron procesados por programa computacional Excel. RESULTADOS: los costos totales asociado a úlceras por presión y caídas:Servicio de Cirugía, primer semestre del 2017:-Ulceras por presión $44.086.872 (U$ 57.557 dólares)-Caídas $39.630.517 (U$51.739 dólares)-Costo total $ 83.717.389 (U$109.297 dólares)Servicio de Medicina, primer semestre del 2017:-Úlceras por presión $22.654.894 (U$29.803 dólares)-Caídas $32.023.185 (U$41.807 dólares)-Costo total $ 54.678.079 (U$71.385 dólares)Servicio de Cirugía, primer semestre del 2018:-Ulceras por presión $76.979.440 (U$100.500 dólares)-Caídas $18.522.927 (U$24.182 dólares)-Costo total $ 95.502.367 (U$124.683 dólares)Servicio de Medicina, primer semestre del 2018:-Ulceras por presión $14.981.255 (U$19.558 dólares)-Caídas $55.258.625 (U$72.142 dólares)-Costo total $ 70.239.880 (U$91.701 dólares) CONCLUSIÓN: se logró levantar información actual sobre los recursos financieros y clínicos que determinan el impacto económico que generan los eventos adversos en los pacientes atendidos en un centro asistencial público. Es por esto, que el presente estudio, permitió cuantificar y evidenciar el impacto económico de dos eventos ocurridos en los servicios clínicos de un hospital de alta complejidad de Chile.


INTRODUCTION: healthcare activities related to the care of patients in clinical services, have different degrees of risks for the people who receive them, the error in health care is called an adverse event and / or sentinels which, depending on their severity, can arrive to cause the death of users. OBJECTIVE: to determine the total costs of pressure ulcers and falls that occurred in users of clinical services of surgery and medicine in a highly complex establishment during the first half of 2017 and the first half of 2018, in Chile. METHOD: retrospective descriptive study. The occurrence of events related to pressure ulcers and falls are notified through the Phoenix computer system and are received by the Department of Quality and Patient Safety of the establishment, the economic data were provided by the Department of Finance. The data were processed by Excel computer program. RESULTS: the total costs associated with pressure ulcers and falls:Surgery Service, first semester of 2017: -Pressure ulcers $ 44,086,872 (U$ 57,557)-Falls $ 39,630,517 (U$ 51,739) -Total cost$ 83,717,389 (U$ 109,297)Medicine Service, first semester of 2017: -Pressure ulcers $ 22,654,894 (U$29,803 dollars) -Falls $ 32,023,185 (U$41,807 dollars) -Total cost $ 54,678,079 (U$71,385 dollars)Surgery Service, first semester of 2018: -Pressure ulcers $ 76,979,440 (U$100,500 dollars) -Falls $ 18,522,927 (U$24,182 dollars) -Total cost $ 95,502,367 (U$124,683 dollars)Medicine Service, first semester of 2018: -Pressure ulcers $ 14,981,255 (U$19,558 dollars) -Falls $ 55,258,625 (U$72,142dollars) -Total cost $ 70,239,880 (U$91,701 dollars) CONCLUSIONS: it was possible to collect current information on financial and clinical resources that determine the economic impact generated by adverse events in patients treated in a public healthcare center. This is why the present study made it possible to quantify and demonstrate the economic impact of two events that occurred in the clinical services of a highly complex hospital in Chile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Database Management Systems/instrumentation , Pressure Ulcer/diagnosis , Pressure Ulcer/etiology , Research Design , Software , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Statistics as Topic , Health Care Costs , Cost of Illness , Risk Assessment , Pressure Ulcer/economics , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Patient Safety
2.
Rev. fac. cienc. méd. (Impr.) ; 16(2,n.esp): 11-22, jul.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1050926

ABSTRACT

La carga de enfermedad por influenza está bien documentada en países de clima templado, pero hasta la fecha en Honduras solo se ha realizado un estudio, siendo este el segundo con respecto a la carga médica asociada a influenza. Objetivo: Estimar el número de hospitalizaciones y defunciones, debidos a la influenza, como causante de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en la población. Material yMétodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Seutilizó tres fuentes de datos secundarias:registros de todos los egresos hospitalarios, resultados de detección viral por influenza y proyecciones de población por grupos de edad. Se estimó la tasa de incidencia y su intervalo de confianza al 95%, combinando las tres fuentes de datos. Resultados: Las hospitalizaciones en las infecciones respiratorias agudas graves (IRAG) J09-J18 asociadas a influenza en el 2011-2015 son mayores en los menores de cinco años, en donde las hospitalizaciones son mayores en los años 2013 con 68.2 (IC 95%: 64.2-72.1) casos por 100, 000 habitantes. En el periodo 2011-2015. Las tasas de incidencia en las defunciones de IRAG asociadas a influenza1.Doctor(a) en medicina y cirugía.2.Doctor(a) en Pediatría3.Nivel Básico de Epidemiologia de Campo del FETP4.MSc.Epidemiólogo del FETP, coordinador de las enfermedades Transmisibles de la unidad devigilancia de la salud, Secretaria de Salud de HondurasAutor de correspondencia: Hommer Mejía, homams2003@yahool.comRecibido: Aprobado: (J09-J18) fueron mayores en el año 2014 con 1 caso (IC 95%: 0.4-1.6) por 100 000 habitantes. La circulación por influenza comenzó a incrementarse a partir de agosto del 2011 luego en los años 2012-2015 con picos altos durante los meses de octubre y noviembre. Conclusión: La carga médica asociada a influenza representa un impacto para los servicios de salud de Honduras, siendo los grupos de población en edades extremas, los que más hospitalizaciones y muertes presentaron. Se sugiere promover la vacunación contra influenza con la composición de cepas circulantes en el país y en temporada apropiada, enfatizando en los grupos más vulnerables de la población...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza in Birds/mortality , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(9): 1206-1209, set. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058665

ABSTRACT

Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is a rare condition of uncertain etiology, which presents as intermittent claudication of the lower extremity in middle-age patients. We report a 44-year-old man presenting with intermittent claudication of his left leg. MR angiography showed cystic parietal lesions that caused compression with partial occlusion of the left popliteal artery. Surgical resection of the affected segment was performed, with venous graft interposition. The histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen was consistent with cystic adventitial disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Cysts/complications , Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Intermittent Claudication/etiology , Popliteal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Angiography , Leg
6.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 37(1): 44-51, Jan. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-742276

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE), para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR) y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (IDP) para cada año. Resultados. Se registraron 232 541 muertes por cáncer en el período 2000-2010. Los tipos de cáncer más frecuentes fueron de mama, estómago y vesícula biliar en mujeres; y estómago, próstata y pulmón en hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer estandarizadas por edad fueron mayores en los NE más bajos, excepto para el de mama en mujer y el de pulmón en hombres. Las mayores diferencias se encontraron en el de vesícula biliar en mujeres y el de estómago en hombres, con mayores tasas de mortalidad específica de hasta 49 y 63 veces respectivamente, para NE bajo respecto al NE alto. Entre 2000 y 2010, las diferencias en mortalidad por NE se redujeron para todos los cánceres combinados en ambos géneros, mama en mujeres, y pulmón y estómago en hombres. Conclusiones. Durante el período estudiado, la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile estuvo fuertemente asociada al NE de la población. Esta información debe ser considerada al definir estrategias nacionales para reducir la mortalidad específica por cáncer en los grupos más desprotegidos.


Objective. Characterize the trends in mortality from cancer in Chile according to differences in educational level in the period 2000-2010 in the population over 20 years of age. Methods. Calculation of specific mortality from cancer, age-adjusted for different educational levels, for the period 2000-2010. The obtained rates were analyzed using a Poisson regression model, calculating the relative inequality index and the slope index of inequality for each year. Results. 232 541 deaths from cancer were reported in the period 2000-2010. The most frequent types were breast, stomach, and gallbladder cancer in women; and stomach, prostate, and lung cancer in men. Age-standardized mortality from cancer was greater in the lower educational levels, except for breast cancer in woman and lung cancer in men. The greatest differences were found in gallbladder cancer in women and stomach cancer in men, with specific mortality rates up to 49 and 63 times higher, respectively, for low educational levels compared to higher ones. Between 2000 and 2010, the differences in mortality by educational level were smaller for all cancers combined in both genders, for breast cancer in women, and for lung and stomach in men. Conclusions. During the period studied, mortality from cancer in Chile was strongly associated with the educational level of the population. This information should be considered when designing national strategies to reduce specific mortality from cancer in the most vulnerable groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchial Diseases , Bronchography/methods , Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Diagnosis, Differential
7.
Biol. Res ; 48: 1-10, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950774

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The South American country Chile now boasts a life expectancy of over 80 years. As a consequence, Chile now faces the increasing social and economic burden of cancer and must implement political policy to deliver equitable cancer care. Hindering the development of a national cancer policy is the lack of comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure and economic impact. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate existing cancer policy, the extent of national investigation and the socio-economic impact of cancer to deliver guidelines for the framing of an equitable national cancer policy. METHODS: Burden, research and care-policy systems were assessed by triangulating objective system metrics -epidemiological, economic, etc. - with political and policy analysis. Analysis of the literature and governmental databases was performed. The oncology community was interviewed and surveyed. RESULTS: Chile utilizes 1% of its gross domestic product on cancer care and treatment. We estimate that the economic impact as measured in Disability Adjusted Life Years to be US$ 3.5 billion. Persistent inequalities still occur in cancer distribution and treatment. A high quality cancer research community is expanding, however, insufficient funding is directed towards disproportionally prevalent stomach, lung and gallbladder cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Chile has a rapidly ageing population wherein 40% smoke, 67% are overweight and 18% abuse alcohol, and thus the corresponding burden of cancer will have a negative impact on an affordable health care system. We conclude that the Chilean government must develop a national cancer strategy, which the authors outline herein and believe is essential to permit equitable cancer care for the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Life Expectancy , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Biomedical Research/economics , Health Policy/economics , Neoplasms/economics , Socioeconomic Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Health Care Reform/legislation & jurisprudence , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Health Transition , Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence , Biomedical Research/trends , Workforce , Healthcare Disparities/economics , Gross Domestic Product , Medical Oncology/organization & administration , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology
8.
Acta bioeth ; 20(2): 279-289, nov. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-728259

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este artículo es revisar las ideas centrales del pensamiento del Dr. Abraham Horwitz (1910-2000), quien se dedicó en cuerpo y alma a la salud pública, tanto de Chile como de América Latina y el Caribe. Este trabajo aborda su pensamiento desde una perspectiva contemporánea. Este es justamente nuestro desafío. Aunque vivimos en un mundo diferente al de los años sesenta, con grandes progresos en materia de salud, aún existen enormes brechas entre países y grupos sociales, además de grandes transformaciones sociodemográficas y económicas con alto impacto social.


The purpose of this article is to review the main ideas of doctor Abraham Horwitz’s thinking (1910-2000), who dedicated all his life to public health, both in Chile and Latin America and Caribbean. This paper focuses his thought from a contemporary perspective. This is precisely our challenge. Although we live in a different world from the sixties, with great progress in health, there are still huge gaps between countries and social groups, as well as large demographic and economic transformations with high social impact.


O propósito deste artigo é revisar as ideias centrais do pensamento do Dr. Abraham Horwitz (1910-2000), quem se dedicou corpo e alma à saúde pública, tanto do Chile como da América Latina e do Caribe. Este trabalho aborda o seu pensamento a partir de uma perspectiva contemporânea. Este é justamente o nosso desafio. Embora vivamos num mundo diferente ao dos anos sessenta, com grandes progressos em matéria de saúde, ainda existem enormes diferenças entre países e grupos sociais, além de grandes transformações sociodemográficas e econômicas com alto impacto social.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Epidemiology/history , Social Medicine/history , Public Health/history , Bioethics , Chile , Economic Development , Equity
9.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 12(5): 457-468, sept. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-726546

ABSTRACT

Chenopodium quinoa W. is a pseudocereal with bioactive compounds like polyphenols, carotenoids, dietary fibers and oleic acid, which have acquired importance because of their human health benefits. The present study aimed to determine the effect of controlled water restriction on the potential yield, chemical composition (protein, fat content and crude fiber) and antioxidant capacity in seeds of three genotypes of quinoa. The study was conducted in the south-central zone of Chile under field and controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Main plot treatment was available water level and subplots included three quinoa genotypes. Results indicated an increase of the antioxidant capacity, with an average of 88 percent in seeds of the three genotypes and 70 percent in seeds of plants exposed to 95 to 20 percent available water. Seed yield potential was reduced, but the extent of reduction varied depending on the genotype. It was possible to produce seeds of higher nutritional value when controlled water stress was applied from 40 to 20 percent available water, without a considerably reduction on seed yield.


Chenopodium quinoa W. es un pseudocereal con sustancias bioactivas como polifenoles, carotenoides, fibras dietarias y ácido oleico, las que han adquirido importancia, principalmente debido a los beneficios que produce en la salud humana. El propósito de este estudio fue en semilla determinar el efecto de la restricción hídrica controlada sobre el potencial de rendimiento, la composición química (proteína, contenido de grasas, fibra cruda) y la capacidad antioxidante, de tres genotipos de quinoa. Este estudio se realizó en la zona centro sur de Chile, en condiciones de campo y en invernadero, en condiciones controladas. El tratamiento principal fue la disponibilidad de agua y las subparcelas los genotipos de quinoa. Se observó en los resultados un incremento en la capacidad antioxidante de un 88 por ciento entre genotipos y un 70 por ciento en semillas expuestas desde 95 a 20 por ciento de la capacidad de campo. Por otra parte el potencial de rendimiento se redujo en diferentes magnitudes entre genotipos. Finalmente, fue posible producir semillas con mayor valor nutritivo cuando se aplicó una restricción hídrica desde un 40 a un 20 por ciento de la capacidad de campo sin reducir considerablemente el rendimiento.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Chenopodium quinoa/chemistry , Dehydration , Seeds , Chile , Genotype , Nutritive Value
11.
13.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 27(2): 126-132, abr. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548127

ABSTRACT

The article summarizes the scientific evidence related with protection conferred by the 23 valent polysacchar-die vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease, non bacteriemic pneumococcal pneumonia, and probable pneumococal pneumonia in the elderly. Eider patients with and without risk factors are considered. The impact of herd immunitty conferred by vaccination of children with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in reduction of penumonia in adults is discussed. Based on this analysis, the Advisory Committee on Immunizations of the Chilean Infectious Disease Society makes recommendations on the most efficient vaccine strategy for reduction of pneumococcal pneumonia in the elderly.


El artículo resume los hallazgos de la evidencia científica en relación a la protección que confiere la vacuna neumocóccica polisacárida 23 valente contra la enfermedad neumocóccica invasora, las neumonías neumocóccicas no bacteriémicas y las neumonías probablemente de etiología neumocóccica en el adulto mayor, estableciendo una categorización entre adultos mayores con factores de riesgo y sin ellos. Se documenta a la vez, el impacto que ha tenido la vacuna neumocóccica conjugada en la población infantil, en reducir las neumonías en el adulto mayor. Basados en la información disponible, el Comité Consultivo de Inmunizaciones de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, realiza recomendaciones sobre cuál sería la mejor forma de prevenir las enfermedades neumocóccicas en el adulto mayor.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Evidence-Based Medicine , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Advisory Committees , Chile , Pneumococcal Vaccines/adverse effects , Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Societies, Medical
14.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 13(1): 5-6, Jan. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-559588

ABSTRACT

Eucalyptus globulus Labill is one of the most planted species in Chile, because of its fast growth and superior pulp qualities. Nevertheless, the incidence of drought and frost damage immediately after planting is frequent. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of drought hardening on frost resistance and on variations in morphological traits that may increase drought resistance at nursery phase in four genotypes of E. globulus Labill. Drought hardening treatments consisted in induced water stress by watering restriction, until pre-dawn stem xylem water potentials (Psi pd) reached -0.2, -1.8 and -2.6 MPa. Two water stress-rewatering cycles were applied during 54 days of hardening. Plant and root biomasses were affected by the interaction of drought hardening and genotypes. The rest of morphological and alometrical traits were affected independently by drought or genotype. Plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), stem, and leaf biomasses decreased with drought hardening, while collar diameter was not affected. Genotypes responded differentially to drought hardening in plant height, leaf area, SLA, and stem, and leaf biomasses. Ice nucleation temperature (INT), and freezing temperatures (FRT), and 50 percent freezing damage index of leaves (LT50) were affected by the interaction between drought hardening and genotypes. EG-13, EG-23 and EG-22 genotypes became freezing tolerant with drought hardening (-2.6 MPa). Additionally, EG-14 genotype increased its freezing resistance at -1.8 MPa. Therefore, freezing resistance levels and mechanism depend on genotype and drought hardening treatment. The success in tree breeding by genetic selection should be facilitated by improved understanding of the physiology of stress resistance development and survival during water supply limitations. The knowledge of morphological and freezing resistance dependency on the interaction between genotype and drought hardening may be useful...


Subject(s)
Dehydration , Eucalyptus/analysis , Eucalyptus/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Roots/anatomy & histology , Plant Roots/genetics , Agricultural Irrigation , Freezing , Genotype
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(8): 1095-1098, ago. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532002

ABSTRACT

A special Committee on Internal Medicine and Public Health was established by Sociedad Médica de Santiago (Chilean Society of Internal Medicine) in April 2007 with the duty to write a Consensus Paper on the interaction between both branches of medical profession. The main objective was to find the common grounds on which to construct a positive approach to regain space for Internal Medicine, based on prevalent epidemiológica! features related to adult health issues. The authors describe the reasons to explain the gap between clinical medicine and population health and identify the nature and evolution of chronic diseases as the point of encounter between both. With Chilean health surveys data, they state that chronic diseases explain the high proportion of burden of disease, mortality and disability, and stress that by the year 2025 one in every five inhabitants will be over 65years of age, with ageing as another main problem for the health care sector. Population with multiple risks and multimorbidity is the most important challenge for the Chilean Health Care System. A new model of care is needed to tackle this scenario with new skills regarding psychosocial determinants of health. The leading role of internists and ideally geriatricians, will be crucial in this process and will help the implementation of sound population based interventions. Both individual and community level interventions will help to improve quality of life of Chilean families.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Public Health , Chronic Disease/therapy , Internal Medicine , Chile , Community Health Services , Health Transition , Interdisciplinary Communication
16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(6): 428-434, dic. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503959

ABSTRACT

The article briefly reviews the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated diseases in the world and in Chile and the scientific information of the licensed HPV vaccines: Gardasil® and Cervarix®. Considering the available information, the Consultive Committee of Immunizations of the Chilean Society of Infectious Diseases, summarizes its conclusions and makes recommendations for vaccination against HPV in Chile.


El artículo revisa brevemente la epidemiología de las infecciones por virus papiloma humano (VPH) y las enfermedades asociadas, tanto en el mundo como en Chile y la información científica de las vacunas contra VPH licenciadas: Gardasil® y Cervarix®. Considerando la información disponible, el Comité Consultivo de Inmunizaciones de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, resume sus conclusiones y hace sus recomendaciones para la vacunación contra VPH en Chile.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Advisory Committees , Alphapapillomavirus/immunology , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Chile/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effects , Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology , Societies, Medical , Young Adult
17.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 11(2): 30-39, Apr. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-522203

ABSTRACT

Morpho-physiological attributes exhibited in response to drought hardening at the end of the growing season of Eucalyptus globulus Labill under nursery conditions were studied to evaluate the effect of three drought hardening treatments in morpho-physiological traits used as suitable indicators of drought hardiness, such as, plant growth, root growth potential, plant water relationships and survival. Freezing resistance of drought hardened plants was also studied in order to evaluate cross hardening effects in cuttings of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Drought hardening consisted in induced water stress by watering restriction, until plant stem xylem water potentials (psipd) reached to-0.2, -1.3 and -2.4 MPa. Two water stress-rewatering cycles were applied during 54 days of treatment. The hardening treatments caused a significant reduction in plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, plant, leaf, stem and root biomass. However, stem diameter was not affected. Root growth potential increased with the exposure to moderate water stress (-1.3 MPa). Drought hardening treatments have not effect on water relationship parameters such as saturation osmotic potential (psipisat), volumetric module of elasticity (e), relative water content (RWCtlp) and osmotic potential (psitlp) at the turgor loss point. Only 1.7 percent and 6 percent of dehydrated dead plants were observed on treatments at -1.3 and -2.4 MPa respectively. Finally, the freezing damage index of leaves (LT50) was not significantly affected by drought hardening treatments. Furthermore, a reduction of 1.1ºC of supercooling capacity was observed at -2.4 MPa. As a conclusion, drought hardening is an important step of plants production programs during the final phase of nursery, because changes in morphological attributes caused by exposure to moderate drought, enable the plants to maintain the balance between transpiration and absorption areas and increase the capacity of plants to generate n...


Subject(s)
Droughts , Eucalyptus , Climate Effects , Cold Climate/adverse effects , Freezing , Plant Roots
18.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 33(3): 458-463, dic. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451546

ABSTRACT

The demographic and nutritional transition in Chile has been reflected by a high and growing prevalence of obesity and chronic illnesses related to nutrition. In spite of the efforts made, it is not likely that the country will comply with the health objectives proposals for 2010 to reduce obesity and sedentary tendencies. As part of their functions the National Health Food and Nutrition Advisory Council has recently checked and defined the national priorities in this area. In the Council's opinion, the efforts should be oriented to strengthen the nutritional intervention strategy through the vital cycle, to improve the institutional capacity of the country as far as food is concerned, to review and modernized feeding programmes and to develop a strategic alliance with food producing companies, scientific societies, academic groups and consumers. These actions are directed to promote a wider and better offer of healthier food and to regulate publicity. In order to advance in these proposals we need a major investment from public and private resources oriented to promote healthier styles of living, with special emphasis on nutrition and physical activity.


La transición demográfica y nutricional que vive Chile se ha reflejado en una prevalencia alta y creciente de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas vinculadas a la alimentación. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados es poco probable cumplir con las metas sanitarias propuestas para el 2010 en cuanto a reducir la obesidad y el sedentarismo. Como parte de sus funciones el Consejo Asesor en Nutrición y Alimentación del Ministerio de Salud ha revisado recientemente y definido las prioridades nacionales en este campo. En la opinión del Consejo los esfuerzos debieran orientarse fundamentalmente a fortalecer la estrategia de intervención nutricional a través del ciclo vital, a mejorar la capacidad institucional del país en el ámbito de los alimentos, a revisar y modernizar la gestión de los programas alimentarios y a desarrollar una alianza estratégica con las empresas productoras de alimentos, sociedades científicas, grupos académicos y con los propios consumidores orientada a promover una mayor oferta y consumo de alimentos saludables y a regular la publicidad en este campo. Para avanzar en la meta propuesta se requiere sin duda de una mayor inversión de recursos públicos y privados fundamentalmente orientados a la promoción de estilos de vida saludable, con especial énfasis en alimentación y actividad física.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet , National Health Programs , Nutrition Policy , Obesity/prevention & control , Chile/epidemiology , Population Dynamics , Malnutrition/prevention & control , Health Policy , Health Priorities , Life Style , Nutritional Status , Nutritional Transition
19.
ARS méd. (Santiago) ; 13(13): 60-65, 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-477283

ABSTRACT

Desde antiguo es sabido que la pobreza determina fuertemente la condición de salud de las personas y la pobreza es la gran preocupación de los gobiernos así como de los liderazgos espirituales. Todos proponen como tarea erradicar la pobreza como un elemento central de la justicia y el desarrollo de la humanidad. Los organismos académicos y multilaterales han buscado renovar el impulso solidario mediante estudios y propuestas estratégicas que tiendan a prevenir y erradicar las enfermedades. En esta línea, se han organizado estudios en torno a los llamados determinantes sociales de la enfermedad y desde ella se elaboran programas de intervención que puedan mitigar o reducir estas desigualdades. Una de las estrategias en desarrollo es la de dotar de medicamentos adecuados para combatir las enfermedades más dramáticas asociadas a la pobreza, como el sida, la malaria y la tuberculosis. Para ello no solo existen iniciativas intergubernamentales, sino que también filantrópicas de gran volumen. Paradójicamente, sin embargo, los análisis más profundos nos revelan que, junto con combatir la pobreza y sus consecuencias en salud, deben proponerse intervenciones que lleven a la persona humana al autocuidado de su cuerpo como bien de donación divina. Esto, ya que es tan profundo el impacto de los condicionantes de la salud ligados a lo social, que los medicamentos solo son una parte menor de las intervenciones de impacto final y es preciso vivir sanamente como primera tarea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disease , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Poverty , Public Health/trends , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Malaria , Self Care , Tuberculosis
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